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KMID : 0895420080180040293
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Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Enviromental Hygiene
2008 Volume.18 No. 4 p.293 ~ p.302
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Evaluation of Workers` Exposures to Airborne Lead chromate in the Producing and Using Industries
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Choi Ho-Chun
An Sun-Hee
Lee Hyun-Seok
Kim Hwa-Sung
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Abstract
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Lead chromate is made by sodium dichromate and lead acetate, and has being used widely in the part of pigment, paints, inks, plastics and so on. Even though lead chromate has health hazards which like both lead and chromium, there are a few study about pigment workplaces using lead chromate in Korea. The purpose of this study is to evaluate workers’ exposure levels and airborne lead and chromium concentration in the pigment workplaces using lead chromate. There are 20 workers in the total 5 workplaces. 10 workers(50%) have been exposed to lead and 3 workers(15%) have been exposed to chromium, which exceeded the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists(ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (Pb: 0.05 mg/m3, Cr: 0.012 mg/m3) and Korean Ministry of Labor’s Standard. Geometric mean (GM) of airborne lead was highest in pigment (0.0421 mg/m3), paint (0.0020 mg/m3) and PVC coloring (0.0007 mg/m3), respectively(p<0.05). The result of airborne chromium concentration was pigment (0.0033 mg/m3), paint (0.0004 mg/m3) and PVC coloring (0.0003 mg/m3). Also the lead and chromium concentration in the manual process is each 30 times and 10 times higher than the value in automatic process(p<0.01). In the classified process by detail, the concentration of airborne lead was 0.0638 mg/m3 in grinding & packaging, mixture & after-measuring (0.0436 mg/m3), filtration & drying (0.0402 mg/m3), lead nitrate & dissolution(0.0129 mg/m3), pigment commitment & mixture (0.0013 mg/m3) and dispersion & grinding (0.0010 mg/m3) (p<0.05). Moreover the concentration of a sample in weighting & packaging was 0.0023 mg/m3. The concentration of lead in workers’ blood was pigment (15.12 ug/dl), paint (4.74 ug/dl) and PVC coloring (2.50 ug/dl), and some samples have exceeded biological exposure limit. In conclusion, the depending on their work industry and process, workers have been exposed to the high lead chromate.
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KEYWORD
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Lead chromate, Lead, Chromium, Pigment, Paint manufacturing
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